B.ed. Course ( University of Lucknow)

Measurement and Evaluation: Concept, Need, Purpose, and Importance Concept: Measurement and evaluation are integral components of any structured process aimed at understanding and improving outcomes in various fields such as education, healthcare, business, and more. Measurement refers to the process of quantifying attributes or phenomena using a standard set of units. This involves collecting data through various methods, such as tests, surveys, observations, or instruments, to assign numerical values to characteristics or behaviors. Evaluation involves interpreting the data obtained from measurements to make judgments about the value, quality, or effectiveness of something. Evaluation encompasses both qualitative and quantitative assessments, aiming to determine the significance, worth, or condition of the subject under review. Need: Accountability: In organizations and institutions, measurement and evaluation ensure accountability by providing evidence of performance and outcome...

 Effects of International Affairs on the Values of Life International affairs like political instability, economic uncertainty, and warscan have a profound effect on the values of life in many countries.  can lead to displacement, poverty, and death, which can drastically alter the values of life for people living in affected areas. Additionally, international trade agreements and policies can create a ripple effect of positive or negative changes in the values of life in many countries. For example, a trade agreement that offers access to resources or markets may create a surge in economic development in some countries. However, a trade embargo may have the opposite effect. Similarly, political instability in one country may lead to refugee crises in neighboring countries, while a peaceful resolution may create a more stable environment and improved economic opportunities. Access to resources and markets can create jobs, encourage investment, and develop infrastructure, wh...